關(guān)于《關(guān)于新形勢(shì)下黨內(nèi)政治生活的若干準(zhǔn)則》和《中國共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督條例》的說明

Explanation on the Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life Under New Circumstancesand the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight

習(xí)近平

Xi Jinping

受中央政治局委托，現(xiàn)在，我就《關(guān)于新形勢(shì)下黨內(nèi)政治生活的若干準(zhǔn)則》和《中國共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督條例》起草的有關(guān)情況向全會(huì)作說明。

As entrusted by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), I will now introduce to this session the circumstances surrounding the drafting of two important documents: The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life Under New Circumstances; and the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight.

今年2月，中央政治局決定，黨的十八屆六中全會(huì)專題研究全面從嚴(yán)治黨問題，制定新形勢(shì)下黨內(nèi)政治生活的若干準(zhǔn)則，修訂《中國共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督條例（試行）》，成立文件起草組，由我擔(dān)任組長(zhǎng)，劉云山、王岐山同志任副組長(zhǎng)，有關(guān)部門和地方負(fù)責(zé)同志參加，在中央政治局常委會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行工作。

In February this year, the Political Bureau decided to dedicate the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the issue of comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline. Specifically, this would involve the formulation of a new code to govern political life in the CPC under new circumstances, and the revision of the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight (Trial Implementation). For this purpose, a drafting group was assembled under the supervision of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau with myself as chief, my colleagues Liu Yunshan and Wang Qishan as deputy chiefs, and including the heads of relevant departments and local Party committees.

一、關(guān)于文件稿起草的幾點(diǎn)考慮

I. Considerations behind the drafting of the two documents

在開展黨的群眾路線教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)和“三嚴(yán)三實(shí)”專題教育中，不少同志建議結(jié)合新的形勢(shì)，制定一個(gè)加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活的文件。

As we were carrying out our campaigns to promote and practice the principle of serving and relying on the people and the “Three Stricts and Three Honests,” a number of Party members suggested that a document be formulated to tighten and better regulate political life within the CPC under new circumstances.

2014年1月12日，我在給劉云山、王岐山同志的批示中指出：“1980年制定的《關(guān)于黨內(nèi)政治生活的若干準(zhǔn)則》，對(duì)于當(dāng)時(shí)恢復(fù)和健全黨內(nèi)民主、維護(hù)黨的集中統(tǒng)一、嚴(yán)肅黨的紀(jì)律、促進(jìn)黨的團(tuán)結(jié)，實(shí)現(xiàn)政治上、思想上、組織上、作風(fēng)上的撥亂反正，實(shí)現(xiàn)全黨工作中心的轉(zhuǎn)移，發(fā)揮了重要?dú)v史作用。當(dāng)前，《準(zhǔn)則》對(duì)我們嚴(yán)肅和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、弘揚(yáng)黨的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)和作風(fēng)仍具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義。”“30多年來，形勢(shì)任務(wù)和黨內(nèi)情況發(fā)生了很大變化，黨的建設(shè)既積累了大量新成果新經(jīng)驗(yàn)，又面臨許多新情況新問題。請(qǐng)你們考慮是否適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)由中央就新形勢(shì)下加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活作出一個(gè)決定，提出新的要求�！�

On January 12, 2014, I issued a formal directive to Liu Yunshan and Wang Qishan, in which I made the following comments: “The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life, formulated in 1980, played an important historical role in restoring and bolstering intraparty democracy, preserving the centralized uniformity of the CPC, enforcing Party discipline, enhancing the solidarity of the CPC, setting things right politically, ideologically, organizationally, and in terms of conduct, and shifting the focus of the CPC against the historical backdrop of that time. Today, this code still provides important practical guidance for our efforts to tighten and regulate political life within the CPC and carry forward our Party’s fine traditions and work style.” However, “a great deal has changed over the past 30 years, including not only our situation and tasks but also circumstances within the Party. Despite having yielded a wealth of achievements and experience in Party-building, we have also encountered a host of new situations and problems. Please consider whether the Central Committee should, at an appropriate time, draft a resolution on regulating and improving political life within the Party under new circumstances, to set forth new requirements in this regard.”

《中國共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督條例（試行）》自2003年12月31日頒布施行以來，對(duì)加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督、維護(hù)黨的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一發(fā)揮了積極作用。同時(shí)，隨著形勢(shì)任務(wù)發(fā)展變化，條例與新實(shí)踐新要求不相適應(yīng)的問題顯現(xiàn)出來。形勢(shì)發(fā)展需要我們對(duì)條例進(jìn)行修訂，圍繞責(zé)任設(shè)計(jì)制度、圍繞制度構(gòu)建體系，強(qiáng)化上級(jí)黨組織對(duì)下級(jí)黨組織和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的監(jiān)督，做到責(zé)任清晰、主體明確，制度管用、行之有效。

The Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight (Trial Implementation), on the other hand, were first promulgated on December 31, 2003. These regulations have played a positive role in enhancing CPC internal oversight and guaranteeing the solidarity and unity of the Party. However, as circumstances have evolved and our tasks have changed, it has become evident that these regulations are no longer suited to our current initiatives and requirements. Changing circumstances dictate that revisions are needed. This means designing institutions in accordance with responsibilities, developing these institutions into an overall framework, and enhancing the oversight of higher-level Party organizations over lower-level organizations and officials, so as to ensure that responsibilities are clearly defined and designated and institutions are effective and workable.

一段時(shí)間以來，圍繞制定準(zhǔn)則、修訂條例，有關(guān)方面做了大量工作。2014年，由有關(guān)方面同志參加的工作小組就加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)政治生活問題進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究，形成了初步成果。根據(jù)中央紀(jì)委五次、六次全會(huì)關(guān)于健全黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督制度的要求，中央紀(jì)委機(jī)關(guān)先后召開7次專題會(huì)議，研究黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督條例修訂工作。

People charged with the task began preparing for the formulation and revision of these two documents some time ago. In 2014, a task force began to study the question of improving political life within the Party, producing initial results. Meanwhile, pursuant to requirements laid out by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) at its fifth and sixth plenary sessions, CCDI organs convened seven special sessions to discuss the revision of regulations on CPC internal oversight.

這些前期研究形成了一些重要成果，中央政治局綜合分析，決定用一次中央全會(huì)專題研究這個(gè)問題。主要有以下幾方面考慮。

These preliminary efforts were highly fruitful. Based on a comprehensive analysis of these results, the Political Bureau decided to dedicate a plenary session of the Central Committee to the topic of comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline. This decision was based on the following considerations.

第一，這是完善“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局的需要。協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，是黨的十八大以來黨中央從實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)、實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢(mèng)的戰(zhàn)略高度，統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)國際兩個(gè)大局，把握我國發(fā)展新特征確定的治國理政新方略，是新的時(shí)代條件下推進(jìn)改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)、堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義的戰(zhàn)略抉擇。

First, this decision was necessitated by the “Four Comprehensives” strategy, a strategy which represents a new approach to national governance adopted by the Central Committee after the Party’s 18th National Congress in 2012. Framed in the overall strategic context of our “Two Centenary Goals” and the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation, this strategy has been developed on the basis of both domestic and international considerations, and in line with the newest trends of China’s development. It is a strategic choice that will facilitate our reform, opening up, socialist modernization, as well as our efforts to uphold and develop Chinese socialism in a new era.

幾年來，黨的十八屆三中、四中、五中全會(huì)相繼就全面深化改革、全面依法治國、全面建成小康社會(huì)進(jìn)行了專題研究，這次六中全會(huì)再以制定修訂兩個(gè)文件稿為重點(diǎn)專題研究全面從嚴(yán)治黨，“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局就都分別通過一次中央全會(huì)進(jìn)行了研究和部署。這是黨中央根據(jù)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局對(duì)全會(huì)議題的一個(gè)整體設(shè)計(jì)。

The third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee have been respectively dedicated to comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively advancing the rule of law, and comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society. Accordingly, the Central Committee has dedicated its sixth plenary session to the topic of comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline, with a focus on the formulation and revision of these two documents. With this, each “comprehensive” has now been discussed and planned out at its own dedicated plenary session. This represents an overall agenda the CPC Central Committee has set for its plenary sessions in line with the “Four Comprehensives” strategy.

第二，這是深化全面從嚴(yán)治黨的需要。全面從嚴(yán)治黨是黨的十八大以來黨中央抓黨的建設(shè)的鮮明主題。辦好中國的事情，關(guān)鍵在黨，關(guān)鍵在黨要管黨、從嚴(yán)治黨。新的歷史條件下，我們要更好進(jìn)行具有許多新的歷史特點(diǎn)的偉大斗爭(zhēng)、推進(jìn)中國特色社會(huì)主義偉大事業(yè)，就必須以更大力度推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程，堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)全面從嚴(yán)治黨，切實(shí)把黨建設(shè)好、管理好，保持黨的先進(jìn)性和純潔性，增強(qiáng)黨的創(chuàng)造力凝聚力戰(zhàn)斗力，提高黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和執(zhí)政水平，確保黨始終成為中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心。

Second, this decision was necessitated by our effort to comprehensively govern the CPC with strict discipline. This has been the key focus of our Party-building initiatives since the 18th National Congress. China’s success hinges on the CPC, and especially on the principle that the CPC should supervise its own conduct and run itself according to a strict code of discipline. As we engage in a great struggle with many new historical features, and strive to advance the great cause of Chinese socialism under new circumstances, it is imperative that we intensify our efforts to promote the grand new undertaking of Party-building and commit to comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline, ensuring that the CPC is developed and managed soundly. This means preserving the CPC’s advanced nature and purity, enhancing its creativity, cohesiveness, and capabilities, improving its capacity to lead and govern, and ensuring that it remains the firm leading core of Chinese socialism.

加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督，都是新形勢(shì)下加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè)十分重要的課題，也是我們推進(jìn)全面從嚴(yán)治黨的重要抓手。我們黨抓黨的建設(shè)，很重要的一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)就是要不斷總結(jié)我們黨長(zhǎng)期以來形成的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和成功做法，并結(jié)合新的形勢(shì)任務(wù)和實(shí)踐要求加以創(chuàng)新。因此，有必要通過六中全會(huì)，對(duì)近年來特別是黨的十八大以來從嚴(yán)治黨的理論和實(shí)踐進(jìn)行總結(jié)，看哪些經(jīng)過實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)是好的，必須長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持；哪些可以進(jìn)一步完善并上升為制度規(guī)定，以黨內(nèi)法規(guī)的形式固化下來；哪些需要結(jié)合新的情況繼續(xù)深化。所以，黨中央決定同時(shí)制定準(zhǔn)則、修訂條例，這是著眼于推進(jìn)全面從嚴(yán)治黨、堅(jiān)持思想建黨和制度治黨相結(jié)合的一個(gè)重要安排。

Improving and regulating political life within the CPC, and enhancing CPC internal oversight, constitute important aspects of our Party-building under new circumstances, as well as important means of comprehensively governing the Party. An important lesson that our Party has learned from its Party-building initiatives is that we must always reflect on our past experiences and successful practices, and make innovations thereupon in line with the new situations, tasks, and practical needs before us. Therefore, it is essential that we make use of our time at the sixth plenary session to reflect on our theories and practices with regard to enforcing Party discipline in recent years, especially since the 18th National Congress. We need to look at which theories and practices have been validated and should be continued in the long term. We need to look at which ones can be further improved, elevated as institutions and rules, and codified in the form of Party regulations. And we need to look at which require further development in line with new conditions. The Central Committee’s decision to formulate the code and revise the regulations at the same time represents an important arrangement made with the aims of strictly governing the Party and strengthening the Party ideologically while governing it institutionally.

第三，這是解決黨內(nèi)存在突出矛盾和問題的需要。在長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐中，黨內(nèi)政治生活狀況總體是好的，但一個(gè)時(shí)期以來，也出現(xiàn)了一些亟待解決的突出矛盾和問題，主要是：在一些黨員、干部包括高級(jí)干部中，理想信念不堅(jiān)定、對(duì)黨不忠誠、紀(jì)律松弛、脫離群眾、獨(dú)斷專行、弄虛作假、庸懶無為，個(gè)人主義、分散主義、自由主義、好人主義、宗派主義、山頭主義、拜金主義不同程度存在，形式主義、官僚主義、享樂主義和奢靡之風(fēng)問題突出，任人唯親、跑官要官、買官賣官、拉票賄選現(xiàn)象屢禁不止，濫用權(quán)力、貪污受賄、腐化墮落、違法亂紀(jì)等現(xiàn)象滋生蔓延。特別是高級(jí)干部中極少數(shù)人政治野心膨脹、權(quán)欲熏心，搞陽奉陰違、結(jié)黨營(yíng)私、團(tuán)團(tuán)伙伙、拉幫結(jié)派、謀取權(quán)位等政治陰謀活動(dòng)。這些問題，嚴(yán)重侵蝕黨的思想道德基礎(chǔ)，嚴(yán)重破壞黨的團(tuán)結(jié)和集中統(tǒng)一，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害黨內(nèi)政治生態(tài)和黨的形象，嚴(yán)重影響黨和人民事業(yè)發(fā)展。周永康、薄熙來、郭伯雄、徐才厚、令計(jì)劃等人嚴(yán)重違紀(jì)違法案件，不僅暴露出他們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)上存在嚴(yán)重問題，而且暴露出他們?cè)谡�治上也存在�?yán)重問題，教訓(xùn)十分深刻。這就使我們認(rèn)識(shí)到，要解決黨內(nèi)存在的一些突出矛盾和問題，必須把黨的思想政治建設(shè)擺在首位，營(yíng)造風(fēng)清氣正的政治生態(tài)。我說過：“做好各方面工作，必須有一個(gè)良好政治生態(tài)。政治生態(tài)污濁，從政環(huán)境就惡劣；政治生態(tài)清明，從政環(huán)境就優(yōu)良。政治生態(tài)和自然生態(tài)一樣，稍不注意，就很容易受到污染，一旦出現(xiàn)問題，再想恢復(fù)就要付出很大代價(jià)�！�

Third, this decision was necessitated by pronounced problems within our Party. Generally speaking, the political environment within the CPC has long been sound. However, recently, prominent problems have arisen that must be addressed urgently. These problems are mainly as follows: among some Party members, officials, and even high-ranking officials, there has been a wavering of ideals and beliefs, disloyalty to the Party, failure to observe discipline, estrangement from the people, as well as arbitrariness, falsification, incompetence, inertia, and nonfeasance; there has been varying degrees of individualism, decentralism, liberalism, “nice guy” mentality, sectarianism, “mountain-stronghold” mentality, and money-worshipping; there has been blatant practices of going through the motions, excessive bureaucracy, self-indulgence, pleasure-seeking and extravagance; there has been cronyism, cultivating of connections for promotion, buying and selling of official posts, and rigging of elections by paying for votes, despite repeated attempts to prevent these from happening; and there has been widespread abuse of power, embezzlement and bribery, moral degeneration, and violations of the law and codes of discipline. In particular, due to their growing political ambitions and lust for power, a handful of senior officials have hatched political plots by feigning compliance with policies while acting in opposition to them and forming self-serving cliques in pursuit of power and position. Such misconduct has severely undermined our Party’s political principles and moral foundations, its solidarity, centralism, and unity, its image and internal political environment, and the very cause of our Party and our people. The grave problems exposed by the cases of Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai, Guo Boxiong, Xu Caihou, and Ling Jihua were not just financial, but political as well, and they have given us much food for thought. We now realize that in order to resolve outstanding problems within our Party, we must give top priority to fostering political integrity and to creating a clean political environment. As I have said before, “A sound political environment is essential for success in any effort. A dirty political environment indicates a bad environment for governance, while a clean political environment indicates a good environment for governance. Political environments are just like natural environments: they can be polluted as the result of even the slightest negligence, and a high price must be paid if we are to restore them.”

黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督是黨的建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容，也是全面從嚴(yán)治黨的重要保障。長(zhǎng)期以來，黨中央高度重視黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督，采取了有力措施，取得了顯著成績(jī)。同時(shí)，也出現(xiàn)一些突出矛盾和問題，主要是一些地方和部門黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)弱化、黨的建設(shè)缺失、全面從嚴(yán)治黨不力，一些黨員、干部黨的觀念淡漠、組織渙散、紀(jì)律松弛，一些黨組織和黨員、干部不嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行黨章，漠視政治紀(jì)律、無視組織原則。一個(gè)時(shí)期以來黨內(nèi)發(fā)生的種種問題，與管黨治黨寬松軟有密切關(guān)系。全面從嚴(yán)治黨，必須從根本上解決主體責(zé)任缺失、監(jiān)督責(zé)任缺位、管黨治黨寬松軟的問題，把強(qiáng)化黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督作為黨的建設(shè)重要基礎(chǔ)性工程，使監(jiān)督的制度優(yōu)勢(shì)充分釋放出來。

CPC internal oversight represents an important aspect of Party-building, and an important foundation for comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline. Having long emphasized the importance of CPC internal oversight, the CPC Central Committee has taken effective measures and managed to achieve a great deal in this regard. However, there have also been problems, mainly the following: In some localities and departments, the leadership of the Party has been weakened, Party-building has gone absent, and efforts to govern the Party have been inadequate; there has been apathy towards the principles of the Party, weak organization, and lax discipline among some Party members and officials; and some Party organizations, members, and officials have failed to observe the CPC Constitution and have disregarded the Party’s code of political discipline and organizational principles. The emergence of these problems in recent years is largely attributable to loose, lax, and soft standards in the administration and governance of the Party. In a bid to comprehensively govern the Party with strict discipline, we must fundamentally address the absence of leadership and oversight responsibilities for strict self-governance, and resolve the problem of loose, lax, and soft standards in the administration and governance of the Party. We must identify the strengthening of CPC internal oversight as a foundation initiative for Party-building, and fully exert the institutional advantage of such internal supervision.

黨的十八大以來，我們把全面從嚴(yán)治黨緊緊抓在手上，采取一系列新的舉措加大管黨治黨力度，堅(jiān)持正風(fēng)肅紀(jì)、標(biāo)本兼治，嚴(yán)明政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩，堅(jiān)決遏制腐敗蔓延勢(shì)頭，著力構(gòu)建不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐的體制機(jī)制，層層落實(shí)全面從嚴(yán)治黨主體責(zé)任和監(jiān)督責(zé)任，著力解決黨內(nèi)存在的突出問題，黨內(nèi)政治生活出現(xiàn)許多新氣象，黨內(nèi)政治生態(tài)明顯好轉(zhuǎn)，全黨全社會(huì)高度認(rèn)同。

Since the 18th National Congress in 2012, we have launched a highly-focused effort to comprehensively govern the Party with strict discipline. Taking a series of new steps to enhance the administration and governance of our Party, we have continued to implement a strict code of discipline and address both the symptoms and root causes of disciplinary problems. We have strictly enforced political discipline and political rules and resolutely curbed the spread of corruption. And we have worked to develop systems to ensure that officials dare not, cannot, and have no desire to commit acts of corruption. We have also worked to ensure that leadership and oversight responsibilities for strict self-governance are properly assumed at all levels of the Party, in a bid to resolve prominent problems within our ranks. As a result of these efforts, we have created new vistas in intraparty political life, seen remarkable improvements in our Party’s political environment, and won the full support of the Party and society.

同時(shí)，我們也清醒地看到，雖然黨內(nèi)存在的突出矛盾和問題很多得到了有效解決，但一些問題依然存在，一些問題解決得還不徹底，一些問題還可能再冒出來，必須繼續(xù)努力，不斷從思想上、政治上、組織上、作風(fēng)上、制度上防范和解決黨內(nèi)存在的突出矛盾和問題。特別是要看到，新的歷史條件下，國際國內(nèi)形勢(shì)發(fā)生了很大變化，我們黨面臨的執(zhí)政環(huán)境和執(zhí)政條件發(fā)生了很大變化，黨面臨的“四大考驗(yàn)”、“四種危險(xiǎn)”是長(zhǎng)期的、復(fù)雜的、嚴(yán)峻的。要把黨內(nèi)存在的突出矛盾和問題解決好，要有效化解黨面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)和危險(xiǎn)，很重要的一條就是要完善規(guī)范、健全制度，扎緊制度的籠子，既使已經(jīng)發(fā)生的突出矛盾和問題得到更加深入有效的解決，又有效防范新的矛盾和問題滋生蔓延、有效防范已經(jīng)解決的矛盾和問題反彈復(fù)發(fā)。

Though many issues within our Party have been resolved, we need to realize that problems still exist. Some problems have yet to be totally resolved, and others could potentially emerge again. We must therefore make a continued effort to prevent and resolve pronounced problems within the Party ideologically, politically, organizationally, institutionally, and in terms of conduct. In particular, against the backdrop of major changes internationally and domestically, the conditions of our Party’s governance have changed remarkably. The “four tests” (long-term governance, reform and opening up, developing the market economy, and responding to the external environment) and “four dangers” (losing drive, incompetence, becoming out of touch with the people, and corruption) that our Party faces are complex, serious, and long-term in nature. If we are to resolve prominent problems within our Party and effectively defuse the major challenges and dangers facing us, it is essential that we improve our regulations and institutions and build a sturdier institutional cage. This way, we will not only provide thorough and effective solutions to existing problems, but also prevent new problems from emerging and spreading and past problems from reoccurring.

總之，面對(duì)新的形勢(shì)和任務(wù)，制定一個(gè)新形勢(shì)下黨內(nèi)政治生活的若干準(zhǔn)則，修訂黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督條例，時(shí)機(jī)成熟、條件具備，要求迫切，意義重大。

To sum up, in light of our new circumstances and tasks, we may say that the time is ripe and the conditions are right for the formulation of a new code of conduct for intraparty political life, and for the revision of regulations on CPC internal oversight. This is a highly significant move, one that is urgently needed.

二、關(guān)于文件稿起草過程

II. The process for drafting the two documents 

今年3月1日，黨中央發(fā)出《中共中央關(guān)于對(duì)黨的十八屆六中全會(huì)研究加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活問題、修訂〈中國共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督條例（試行）〉征求意見的通知》。文件起草組召開第一次全體會(huì)議，文件起草工作正式啟動(dòng)。

On March 1st this year, the CPC Central Committee issued a formal notice to solicit opinions on its proposition to study the topic of regulating and improving intraparty political life and revising the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight (Trial Implementation) at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. The drafting group called its first full meeting, officially commencing the drafting work.

這次征求意見，從反饋的情況看，各地區(qū)各部門各方面認(rèn)為，黨中央決定黨的十八屆六中全會(huì)專題研究全面從嚴(yán)治黨問題并制定修訂相關(guān)文件，充分體現(xiàn)了黨中央堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)全面從嚴(yán)治黨的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)決心和歷史擔(dān)當(dāng)，體現(xiàn)了全黨的共同心聲，對(duì)解決黨內(nèi)存在的突出矛盾和問題、確保黨始終成為中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心具有十分重要的意義。

According to the feedback we received, the relevant localities, departments, and parties were in agreement that the decision to dedicate the Sixth Plenary Session to comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline, and formulating and revising relevant documents demonstrated the Central Committee’s strong determination to strictly govern the Party and its historical responsibility in this regard. They held that this decision reflected the common will of the Party, and that it would have extremely important implications for resolving major problems within the Party and ensuring that the Party remains the firm leading core of the cause of Chinese socialism.

大家認(rèn)為，新形勢(shì)下開展嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的黨內(nèi)政治生活，加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督，既要繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)我們黨在長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐中形成的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)和基本規(guī)范，又要結(jié)合新的形勢(shì)和任務(wù)，在黨內(nèi)政治生活和黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督的內(nèi)容范疇、方向目標(biāo)、原則要求、方法途徑等方面與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，推動(dòng)黨內(nèi)政治生活和黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督制度化、規(guī)范化、程序化。

There was general agreement that in order to carry out earnest political activities and strengthen CPC internal oversight, it was important not only that we carried forward the fine traditions and basic regulations our Party has fostered over many years, but also that we updated the content, scope, orientation, goals, principles, requirements, methods, and means of intraparty political life and supervision in view of new situations and tasks, so as to bring intraparty political life and supervision under prescribed institutions, standards, and procedures.

大家就新形勢(shì)下加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督提出了許多很好的意見和建議。文件起草組在起草過程中，充分考慮、認(rèn)真吸收了大家的意見和建議。

We received a large number of constructive comments and suggestions on regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight under new circumstances, many of which were adopted by the drafting group after careful review.

在8個(gè)月時(shí)間里，文件起草組開展專題調(diào)研，廣泛征求意見和建議，反復(fù)討論修改。其間，中央政治局常委會(huì)召開3次會(huì)議、中央政治局召開2次會(huì)議分別審議文件稿。8月初，文件征求意見稿下發(fā)黨內(nèi)一定范圍征求意見，包括征求黨內(nèi)部分老同志意見，還專門聽取了民主黨派中央、全國工商聯(lián)負(fù)責(zé)人和無黨派人士意見。

Over the past eight months, the drafting group has carried out dedicated surveys and research, solicited a broad range of comments and suggestions, and discussed revisions to the draft documents. During this time the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau convened three times and the Political Bureau met twice to discuss the draft documents. In early August, the drafts were made available to a selected number of Party members, including retired senior officials, for their comments; and a meeting was held to hear comments from leaders of other political parties, the heads of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and also prominent citizens without party affiliation.

從反饋的情況看，各地區(qū)各部門各方面對(duì)準(zhǔn)則稿和條例稿給予充分肯定，認(rèn)為兩個(gè)文件稿全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中、五中全會(huì)精神，以黨章為根本遵循，深刻總結(jié)黨的建設(shè)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，直面當(dāng)前黨內(nèi)政治生活存在的突出矛盾和問題，圍繞嚴(yán)肅黨內(nèi)政治生活提出明確要求，圍繞加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督作出具體規(guī)定，為新形勢(shì)下加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督提供了根本遵循。

The feedback we received demonstrated the full endorsement of the various localities, departments, and parties who were asked to comment. In their opinion, the two documents fully embody the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee; adhere to the basic principles of the CPC Constitution; reflect profoundly on past experiences in Party-building; confront outstanding problems in intraparty political life at present; set forth explicit requirements for tightening intraparty political life; and identify specific regulations for enhancing CPC internal oversight, thus setting forth the fundamental principles for our efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life and enhance CPC internal oversight under new circumstances.

大家認(rèn)為，兩個(gè)文件稿最鮮明的特點(diǎn)就是繼承和創(chuàng)新的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，既深入總結(jié)了我們黨在加強(qiáng)自身建設(shè)方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)了我們黨在長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐中形成的制度規(guī)定和優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，又全面總結(jié)了黨的十八大以來黨中央推進(jìn)全面從嚴(yán)治黨的生動(dòng)實(shí)踐，對(duì)全面從嚴(yán)治黨的理論和實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新成果進(jìn)行了集納，并深入分析新形勢(shì)下黨的建設(shè)面臨的新情況新問題，針對(duì)當(dāng)前黨內(nèi)政治生活和黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督存在的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)提出了明確措施，形成了新的制度安排，順應(yīng)了新形勢(shì)新任務(wù)對(duì)嚴(yán)肅黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督的要求。

The general view was that the two documents stood out for their close integration of tradition and innovation. On the one hand, the documents take stock of our past experiences and lessons in Party-building, and carry forward the systems, rules, and fine traditions our Party has fostered over a long period of time. On the other hand, the documents summarize the Central Committee’s initiatives to strictly govern the Party since the 18th National Congress; integrate theoretical and practical innovations in Party governance, and analyze new situations and problems confronting our Party-building initiatives. On this basis, they define specific measures to address existing weak links in intraparty political life and internal oversight, and put in place new institutional arrangements to reflect the demands of new situations and tasks on intraparty political life and internal oversight.

大家一致認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持黨中央集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，確立和維護(hù)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，是全黨全國各族人民的共同愿望，是推進(jìn)全面從嚴(yán)治黨、提高黨的創(chuàng)造力凝聚力戰(zhàn)斗力的迫切要求，是保持黨和國家事業(yè)發(fā)展正確方向的根本保證。

There was unanimous agreement that upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and establishing and preserving the Party’s leading core represent the common will of the entire Party and Chinese people, an urgent requirement for strictly governing the Party and for enhancing its creativity, cohesiveness, and capability, and also a fundamental guarantee to ensure that the causes of the Party and country stay on the right path.

大家還認(rèn)為，黨中央就兩個(gè)文件稿在黨內(nèi)一定范圍征求意見，是充分發(fā)揚(yáng)黨內(nèi)民主、集中全黨智慧的體現(xiàn)，是我們黨解放思想、實(shí)事求是優(yōu)良作風(fēng)的體現(xiàn)。文件稿主題鮮明、思路清晰，內(nèi)容豐富、重點(diǎn)突出，措施有力、務(wù)實(shí)管用，思想性、指導(dǎo)性、操作性都很強(qiáng)。文件稿經(jīng)全會(huì)審議通過后，對(duì)加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督、全面提高黨的建設(shè)科學(xué)化水平，對(duì)更好進(jìn)行具有許多新的歷史特點(diǎn)的偉大斗爭(zhēng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)、實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢(mèng)，具有重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和深遠(yuǎn)歷史意義。

There was also agreement that in making the two draft documents available to a selected number of Party members for their comments, the CPC Central Committee had upheld the principle of intraparty democracy, drawn on the wisdom of the entire Party, and carried forward our Party’s fine tradition of freeing the mind and seeking truth from facts. The two documents stand out for their distinct themes, methodical thinking, rich content, clear priorities, and effective and practical measures, which make them highly insightful, influential, and operable. After being examined and approved by this plenary session, the documents will have a major bearing, both short and long term, on our efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life, enhance CPC internal oversight, and make Party-building more scientific in all respects; on our great struggle with many new historical features; and on our push to realize the “Two Centenary Goals” and the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.

在這次征求意見過程中，各地區(qū)各部門各方面對(duì)兩個(gè)文件稿提出了許多好的意見和建議，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)共提出1955條修改意見，扣除重復(fù)意見后為1582條，其中原則性意見354條、具體意見1228條。黨中央責(zé)成文件起草組認(rèn)真梳理和研究這些意見和建議。文件起草組對(duì)兩個(gè)文件稿作出重要修改。

Many constructive comments and suggestions came from various localities, departments, and parties. A total of 1,955 revisions were suggested. After subtracting similar suggestions, a total of 1,582 suggestions remained, of which 354 concerned matters of principle and 1,228 concerned practical issues. These comments and suggestions were reviewed and studied by the drafting group at the request of the Central Committee. On this basis, the drafting group made important revisions to the drafts of the two documents.

三、關(guān)于文件稿起草的原則和基本框架

III. Principles for drafting the documents and the basic framework of the documents

在文件稿起草過程中，文件起草組著力把握以下原則。

The drafting group implemented the following principles during its drafting of the two documents.

一是繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)黨的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)和寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，著力貫徹黨的十八大以來黨中央提出的新理念新思想新戰(zhàn)略，反映黨中央推進(jìn)全面從嚴(yán)治黨的新經(jīng)驗(yàn)新舉措，并結(jié)合新的實(shí)踐提出新觀點(diǎn)新舉措，體現(xiàn)時(shí)代性、創(chuàng)新性。突出全面從嚴(yán)治黨這個(gè)主題，增強(qiáng)黨自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，明確新形勢(shì)下加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督的方向、目標(biāo)、原則、任務(wù)、舉措，以嚴(yán)的要求、嚴(yán)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、嚴(yán)的措施推動(dòng)全黨增強(qiáng)從嚴(yán)治黨意識(shí)、落實(shí)管黨治黨責(zé)任。

First, it set out to integrate new concepts, ideas, and strategies introduced by the CPC Central Committee since the 18th National Congress whilst carrying forward the fine traditions and valuable experiences of the Party. The drafting group worked to reflect the new experiences that the Central Committee has gained in its efforts to comprehensively govern the Party with strict discipline, whilst offering new ideas and measures in line with new initiatives, so as to ensure that the documents displayed both innovativeness and contemporary relevance. Laying emphasis on the theme of strictly governing the Party, it worked to strengthen the Party’s capacity to remain pure and to improve, renew, and surpass itself; clarify the orientation, goals, principles, tasks, and measures for regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight; and impose strict requirements, standards, and measures to raise the entire Party’s self-governance awareness and ensure that responsibilities are fulfilled.

二是堅(jiān)持以黨章為根本依據(jù)，突出尊崇黨章、貫徹黨章、維護(hù)黨章，著力把黨章關(guān)于黨內(nèi)政治生活和黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督的要求具體化，把改革開放以來特別是近年來黨中央出臺(tái)的重要文件和黨內(nèi)法規(guī)中關(guān)于黨內(nèi)政治生活、黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督的有關(guān)規(guī)定和要求系統(tǒng)化，推動(dòng)黨內(nèi)政治生活和黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督制度化、規(guī)范化、程序化。

Second, it upheld the CPC Constitution as the fundamental guideline. On the basis of upholding, implementing, and safeguarding the Constitution, the drafting group tried to spell out in detail requirements on intraparty political life and CPC internal oversight provided in the Constitution. It systematically organized rules and requirements on intraparty political life and internal oversight found in important documents and regulations formulated by the Central Committee since the launch of the reform and opening up drive, particularly in recent years, in a bid to bring intraparty political life and internal oversight under prescribed institutions, standards, and procedures.

三是堅(jiān)持問題導(dǎo)向，聚焦黨內(nèi)政治生活和黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督存在的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，著力圍繞理論、思想、制度構(gòu)建體系，圍繞權(quán)力、責(zé)任、擔(dān)當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)制度，推動(dòng)解決黨內(nèi)政治生活庸俗化、隨意化、平淡化和黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督制度不健全、覆蓋不到位、責(zé)任不明晰、執(zhí)行不力等問題。

Third, it pursued a problem-oriented approach. By taking aim at weak links in intraparty political life and internal oversight, the drafting group sought to establish frameworks on the basis of theories, ideas, and institutions, and design institutions on the basis of powers, obligations, and the assumption of duties, with a view to addressing vulgarization, randomness, and wish-washy practices in intraparty political life, as well as the problems of inadequate institutions and coverage, unclear responsibilities, and lackluster implementation in CPC internal oversight.

四是堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì)和系統(tǒng)謀劃，著力處理好新準(zhǔn)則、新條例和老準(zhǔn)則、老條例以及其他黨內(nèi)法規(guī)的關(guān)系，做到既一脈相承又與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。堅(jiān)持必要性和可行性相統(tǒng)一，既從政治上對(duì)加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督提出原則性要求，又針對(duì)問題提出切實(shí)可行的措施和辦法，不搞面面俱到。

Fourth, it upheld the principle of overall coordination. By enhancing top-level design and systematic planning, the drafting group sought to balance the new code and regulations with the old code and regulations as well as other internal regulations of the Party, so that the new documents not only ran in continuity with past ones but also evolved as the times required. By integrating essential principles with practical measures, it not only introduced principled, political requirements on regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight, but also put forward practicable measures and methods targeted at specific problems, rather than simply trying to cover everything.

準(zhǔn)則稿分三大板塊、12個(gè)部分：第一板塊是序言，屬于總論，闡述黨內(nèi)政治生活的重大作用和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)、存在的突出問題、面臨的形勢(shì)任務(wù)以及新形勢(shì)下加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活的重要性緊迫性，提出加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活的目標(biāo)要求。

The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life Under New Circumstances consists of 3 sections and 12 parts. The first section is an introduction, which provides a general overview of the code. It introduces the major role and key experiences of political life within the CPC, and describes the problems that currently exist, the situations and tasks we face, and the importance and urgency of regulating and improving intraparty political life under new conditions. It also sets forth targets and requirements for regulating and improving intraparty political life.

第二板塊是分論，是主體部分，圍繞堅(jiān)定理想信念、堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線、堅(jiān)決維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威、嚴(yán)明黨的政治紀(jì)律、保持黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系、堅(jiān)持民主集中制原則、發(fā)揚(yáng)黨內(nèi)民主和保障黨員權(quán)利、堅(jiān)持正確選人用人導(dǎo)向、嚴(yán)格黨的組織生活制度、開展批評(píng)和自我批評(píng)、加強(qiáng)對(duì)權(quán)力運(yùn)行的制約和監(jiān)督、保持清正廉潔的政治本色12個(gè)方面分別提出明確要求、作出具體規(guī)定。

The second section deals with specific issues, and constitutes the main part of the code. This section identifies specific requirements and rules with regard to 12 aspects: reinforcing ideals and beliefs; upholding the basic line of the Party; safeguarding the authority of the Central Committee; enforcing the political discipline of the Party; preserving the close ties between the Party and the people; upholding the principle of democratic centralism; promoting intraparty democracy and guaranteeing the rights of Party members; adhering to sound criteria for selecting and appointing personnel; improving institutions for collective activities within the Party; conducting criticism and self-criticism; intensifying constraints and supervision over the use of power; and preserving political integrity.

第三板塊是結(jié)束語，主要講加強(qiáng)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和督促檢查、高級(jí)干部帶頭示范，確保各項(xiàng)任務(wù)落到實(shí)處。

The third section, the concluding remarks, talks mainly about enhancing leadership and supervision, calling on high-ranking officials to act as example-setters, and ensure the full implementation of all relevant initiatives.

條例稿共8章、47條，也分三大板塊：第一章是總則，構(gòu)成第一板塊，列了9條，主要明確立規(guī)目的和依據(jù)，闡述黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督指導(dǎo)思想、基本原則、監(jiān)督內(nèi)容、監(jiān)督對(duì)象、監(jiān)督方式以及強(qiáng)化自我監(jiān)督、構(gòu)建黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督體系等重要問題。

In total, the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight consist of 47 articles over 8 chapters, which are also divided into 3 main sections. The first chapter is the general principles, which constitute the first section and consist of nine articles. These articles mainly clarify the objectives and basis of the regulations, and expound on important issues such as the guiding thoughts, basic principles, content, objects, and means of CPC internal oversight, as well as the strengthening of self-supervision and the establishment of a CPC internal oversight framework.

第二章至第五章構(gòu)成第二板塊，是條例的主體部分，列了27條，分別就黨的中央組織、黨委（黨組）、黨的紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)、基層黨組織和黨員這四類監(jiān)督主體的監(jiān)督職責(zé)以及相應(yīng)監(jiān)督制度作出規(guī)定。其中，將黨的中央組織的監(jiān)督單設(shè)一章，是對(duì)現(xiàn)行條例的突破，體現(xiàn)黨中央以身作則、以上率下。

The second to fifth chapters make up the second section. This is the main body of the regulations, and consists of 27 articles. These four chapters respectively identify the supervision responsibilities of four major actors – organizations at the central level, Party committees or Party leadership groups, Party commissions for discipline inspection, and Party organizations and Party members at the community level – and define the systems for supervision that correspond to each. An entire chapter is dedicated to the supervision functions of Party organizations at the central level. This represents a breakthrough compared to existing regulations, and demonstrates the role played by the CPC Central Committee in leading by example.

第六章至第八章構(gòu)成第三板塊，列了11條，分別就黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督和外部監(jiān)督相結(jié)合、整改和保障、附則等作出規(guī)定。條例沒有對(duì)中央部委和地方黨委制定實(shí)施細(xì)則作出授權(quán)規(guī)定，體現(xiàn)全黨必須一體執(zhí)行，防止搞變通、打折扣。

The sixth to eighth chapters constitute the third section and consist of 11 articles, which include the integration of CPC internal oversight and external oversight, remedies and safeguards, and supplementary provisions. The regulations do not authorize central departments or local Party committees to formulate their own detailed implementation plans. This is to ensure that the entire Party implements the regulations in a uniform manner, and prevent any attempt to stretch or bend the regulations or implement them partially.

四、需要重點(diǎn)說明的兩個(gè)問題

IV. Two points that need to be emphasized

第一，關(guān)于新準(zhǔn)則稿和1980年準(zhǔn)則的關(guān)系。黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)以后，我們黨總結(jié)黨內(nèi)政治生活正反兩方面經(jīng)驗(yàn)特別是“文化大革命”的慘痛教訓(xùn)，于1980年制定了《關(guān)于黨內(nèi)政治生活的若干準(zhǔn)則》。這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則，在“文化大革命”結(jié)束后的那個(gè)特殊時(shí)期，對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)政治上、思想上、組織上、作風(fēng)上的撥亂反正和全黨工作中心的轉(zhuǎn)移，促進(jìn)黨內(nèi)的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一、保證改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)順利進(jìn)行，發(fā)揮了十分重要的作用。

The first point concerns the relationship between the new code of political life and the one formulated in 1980. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee in 1978, the CPC reflected on the positive and negative experiences of political life within the Party, especially the bitter lessons of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). This culminated in the formulation of the Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life in 1980. In the special period after the end of the Cultural Revolution, this code played a significant role in setting things right politically, ideologically, organizationally, in shifting the focus of the Party, in promoting solidarity and unity within its ranks, and in ensuring the smooth progression of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

1980年準(zhǔn)則，既對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)黨內(nèi)存在的突出矛盾和問題提出了解決的辦法，又對(duì)黨在長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐中取得的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了歸納，是對(duì)馬克思主義建黨理論的豐富發(fā)展，具有開創(chuàng)性意義，其主要原則和規(guī)定今天依然適用。比如，關(guān)于黨內(nèi)政治生活的目標(biāo)和基本準(zhǔn)則，關(guān)于堅(jiān)持黨的政治路線和思想路線，關(guān)于堅(jiān)持集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、反對(duì)個(gè)人專斷，關(guān)于維護(hù)黨的集中統(tǒng)一、嚴(yán)格遵守黨的紀(jì)律，關(guān)于堅(jiān)持黨性，關(guān)于要講真話、言行一致，關(guān)于發(fā)揚(yáng)黨內(nèi)民主、正確對(duì)待不同意見，關(guān)于保障黨員權(quán)利不受侵犯，關(guān)于接受黨和群眾的監(jiān)督、不準(zhǔn)搞特權(quán)，等等。這些都要繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持。

The 1980 version of the code not only provided solutions to the outstanding problems that existed in the CPC at that time, but also summarized the precious experiences that our Party had gained through its long-term endeavors. In this sense, it represented a pioneering effort to enrich and develop Marxist theories on Party-building. The major principles and rules it laid out are still applicable today. For example, the objectives and basic principles of intraparty political life; upholding the political line and ideological line of the Party; upholding collective leadership and opposing arbitrary decisions by individuals; guaranteeing the centralism and unity of the Party and observing Party discipline; upholding Party spirit; speaking our minds and ensuring that our deeds are in keeping with our words; promoting intraparty democracy and properly dealing with different opinions; ensuring that the rights of Party members are not violated; subjecting officials to the supervision of the Party and the people; and allowing for no privilege. These principles and regulations should still be observed today.

為什么還要制定一個(gè)新準(zhǔn)則呢？黨中央的考慮是，1980年準(zhǔn)則雖然至今仍然具有重要指導(dǎo)意義，但由于這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則針對(duì)的是當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件和主要矛盾，現(xiàn)在黨內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的一些突出矛盾和問題當(dāng)時(shí)尚未遇到，而當(dāng)時(shí)比較突出的一些矛盾和問題現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不突出了。黨的十八大和修訂通過的黨章以及黨的十八屆三中、四中、五中全會(huì)對(duì)新形勢(shì)下嚴(yán)肅黨內(nèi)政治生活有關(guān)問題作出了明確規(guī)定，但比較原則，需要具體化。改革開放以來特別是近年來制定的一系列黨內(nèi)法規(guī)和規(guī)范性文件，不少涉及規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活問題，但比較分散，需要系統(tǒng)化。

Why formulate a new code then? In the Central Committee’s opinion, while the 1980 version has continued to act as an important guideline, the fact remains that it was very much geared towards the conditions and major problems of that particular period of time. Many of the prominent problems that currently exist within our Party were not present back then, while many problems from that time have ceased to be prominent. Clear requirements for enhancing intraparty political life under new circumstances have, in fact, already been laid out at the 18th National Congress, in the newly revised CPC Constitution, and at the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee. However, these requirements are mainly just principles, and need to be listed in more detail. Meanwhile, while the topic of regulating Party life has appeared in numerous normative documents since the launch of the reform and opening up drive, especially in recent years, these stipulations are scattered over many documents, and need to be organized more systematically.

“法與時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)則治，治與世宜則有功。”新形勢(shì)下加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活，既要堅(jiān)持過去行之有效的制度和規(guī)定，也要結(jié)合新的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，拿出新的辦法和規(guī)定。我們制定和頒布新準(zhǔn)則，不是要替代1980年準(zhǔn)則，而是要在堅(jiān)持其主要原則和規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)新情況新問題作出新規(guī)定。本著這一精神，在文件稿起草過程中，我們重申了1980年準(zhǔn)則的主要原則和規(guī)定。新老準(zhǔn)則相互聯(lián)系、一脈相承，都是當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期黨內(nèi)政治生活必須遵循的。

As an old Chinese saying goes, “Order prevails when laws shift with the passage of time; success comes when rules meet the needs of their age.” To regulate and improve intraparty political life under new circumstances, we should not only uphold institutions and rules that proved to be effective in the past, but also introduce new methods and rules in line with new developments. The new code we are introducing is not intended to replace the 1980 code. Rather, its purpose is to identify new rules in accordance with new situations and problems whilst upholding the major principles and rules of the 1980 code. In keeping with this guiding principle, we have reiterated the major principles and rules of the 1980 code in the new code. Running in a continuous line, the old and new codes must be observed in intraparty political life both now and in the period ahead.

第二，關(guān)于以高級(jí)干部為重點(diǎn)。加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督，是對(duì)全黨提出的要求，也是全黨的共同任務(wù)。同時(shí)，準(zhǔn)則稿、條例稿都強(qiáng)調(diào)以高級(jí)干部為重點(diǎn)，主要考慮是加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè)必須抓好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部特別是高級(jí)干部，而抓好中央委員會(huì)、中央政治局、中央政治局常委會(huì)的組成人員是關(guān)鍵。把這部分人抓好了，能夠在全黨作出表率，很多事情就好辦了。因此，加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活、加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督，必須首先從這部分人抓起。

The second point that needs to be emphasized concerns officials in high positions. The task of regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight applies to the entire Party. It is a Party-wide requirement. However, it should be noted that both the code and the regulations lay particular emphasis on the role of high-ranking officials. Our reasoning is that in order to enhance Party-building, we must do a sound job of managing leading officials, especially those in high positions. This applies in particular to members of the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Things will be much easier if we can manage these people effectively and have them set an example for the entire Party. Therefore, we must prioritize the management of these people if we are to regulate and improve intraparty political life and enhance CPC internal oversight.

基于這樣的考慮，我們?cè)谄鸩輧蓚�(gè)文件稿過程中，著重把高級(jí)干部突出出來。比如，準(zhǔn)則稿第一部分就強(qiáng)調(diào)，新形勢(shì)下加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活，重點(diǎn)是各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)關(guān)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，關(guān)鍵是高級(jí)干部特別是中央委員會(huì)、中央政治局、中央政治局常務(wù)委員會(huì)的組成人員，高級(jí)干部特別是中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層組成人員必須以身作則，模范遵守黨章黨規(guī)，嚴(yán)守黨的政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩，堅(jiān)持不忘初心、繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，堅(jiān)持率先垂范、以上率下，為全黨全社會(huì)作出示范。準(zhǔn)則稿中需要對(duì)高級(jí)干部提出要求的也都作了強(qiáng)調(diào)。準(zhǔn)則稿結(jié)尾時(shí)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活，要從中央委員會(huì)、中央政治局、中央政治局常務(wù)委員會(huì)做起。高級(jí)干部要清醒認(rèn)識(shí)自己崗位對(duì)黨和國家的特殊重要性，職位越高越要自覺按照黨提出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格要求自己，越要做到黨性堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、黨紀(jì)嚴(yán)明，做到對(duì)黨始終忠誠、永不叛黨。

In line with this thinking, we decided to lay emphasis on officials in high positions when we were drafting the two documents. For example, the first part of the code stresses that, to regulate and improve intraparty political life under new circumstances, emphasis should be laid on leading bodies and leading officials at all levels, the key being high-ranking officials, especially members of the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Officials in high positions, especially members of the central leadership, must set an example in their observation of the CPC Constitution and regulations, abide by the political discipline and political rules of the Party, and stay true to the Party’s cause and continue marching forward, thereby taking the lead in setting an example for the entire Party and society. Everything that is required of high-ranking officials has been given emphasis in the code. At the end of the code, it is further emphasized that efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life should begin with the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Officials holding high positions must be soberly aware that their positions are of special importance to the Party and the country. The higher their rank, the more they must conduct themselves according to the standards imposed by the Party, and the more they must uphold Party spirit and Party discipline, ensuring that they always remain loyal to the Party and never betray it.

條例稿也對(duì)中央層面提出了專門要求。比如，專門就黨的中央組織的監(jiān)督單設(shè)一章，強(qiáng)調(diào)中央委員會(huì)成員必須嚴(yán)格遵守黨的政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩，發(fā)現(xiàn)其他成員有違反黨章、破壞黨的紀(jì)律、危害黨的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一的行為應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)決抵制，并及時(shí)向黨中央報(bào)告；中央政治局每年召開民主生活會(huì)，進(jìn)行對(duì)照檢查和黨性分析，研究加強(qiáng)自身建設(shè)措施；中央政治局委員應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定，自覺參加雙重組織生活會(huì)，如實(shí)向黨中央報(bào)告?zhèn)�人重要事項(xiàng)，帶頭樹立良好家風(fēng)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)親屬和身邊工作人員的教育和約束；對(duì)中央政治局委員的意見，署真實(shí)姓名以書面形式或者其他形式向中央政治局常務(wù)委員會(huì)或中央紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)反映，等等。

The draft regulations also set forth special requirements on organizations at the central level. For example, an entire chapter is devoted to the supervision responsibilities of Party organizations at the central level. Members of the Central Committee must observe the political discipline and political rules of the Party, oppose any act that violates the CPC Constitution, undermines Party discipline, or jeopardizes the solidarity and unity of the Party, and immediately report such acts to the Central Committee. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee should hold democratic meetings every year to gauge their Party-building initiatives and Party spirit and explore ways of enhancing self-improvement. Members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee should strictly abide by the Central Committee’s eight-point code of conduct, actively attend collective meetings of both higher-level and lower-level Party organizations, truthfully report their major personal affairs to the Central Committee, set an example in cultivating integrity in their families, and do more to guide and restrain their family members and staff members. In addition, complaints against members of the Political Bureau should be submitted to the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau or the Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) in written form, or other forms, using one’s actual name.

準(zhǔn)則稿最后提出要制定高級(jí)干部貫徹落實(shí)本準(zhǔn)則的實(shí)施意見，指導(dǎo)和督促高級(jí)干部在遵守和執(zhí)行黨內(nèi)政治生活準(zhǔn)則上作全黨表率。這項(xiàng)工作正在進(jìn)行。

At the end of the code, it states that guidelines should be formulated for the implementation of the code by high-ranking officials. These guidelines will urge such officials to set an example for the entire Party in observing and implementing the code of conduct for intraparty political life. These guidelines are currently being formulated.

在征求意見過程中，一些地方和單位建議，把準(zhǔn)則稿搞成條例那樣的體例。我們考慮，準(zhǔn)則在黨內(nèi)法規(guī)體系中位階比較高，僅次于黨章。這次制定的準(zhǔn)則，是一個(gè)思想性、政治性、綜合性很強(qiáng)的文件，要總結(jié)我們黨長(zhǎng)期以來在開展黨內(nèi)政治生活方面形成的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)和基本規(guī)范，闡明黨關(guān)于開展嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的黨內(nèi)政治生活的原則和立場(chǎng)，有很多問題需要講講道理。做到這些，用條例那樣的體例是難以容納的。至于涉及的一些具體規(guī)定，有些黨內(nèi)有關(guān)法規(guī)已經(jīng)明確了，有些要進(jìn)一步在今后其他有關(guān)法規(guī)的制訂中貫徹落實(shí)�，F(xiàn)在的準(zhǔn)則稿同1980年準(zhǔn)則風(fēng)格是一致的。

Back when we were soliciting opinions, some localities and organizations suggested that the code be presented in the form of a list of stipulations. In our opinion, the code ranks highly in the hierarchy of intraparty regulations, being second only to the CPC Constitution. This code is a highly insightful, political, and comprehensive document. A lot of explanation was needed to properly summarize the valuable experiences our Party had gained and the basic norms it had formulated with regard to intraparty political life, and to expound on our Party’s principles and standpoints with regard to ensuring earnest intraparty political life. Therefore, we concluded that it would be difficult to fit all this content into a list of stipulations. As for certain specific rules, some have already been clarified in other intraparty regulations, while others will need to be further specified when we formulate other regulations in the future. The style of the new code is similar to that of the 1980 version.