寫在前面：什么是一般性辯論?
聯(lián)合國大會是聯(lián)合國的主要審議、決策和代表性機(jī)關(guān)，由聯(lián)合國全部193個會員國組成，是唯一具有普遍代表性的機(jī)關(guān)。每年九月，大會的所有會員國齊聚紐約，在聯(lián)合國大會會議廳召開年度會議。大會通常分兩個階段，前段為一般性辯論階段，后段為大會討論和審議列入議程的各項(xiàng)議題階段。在一般性辯論中，聯(lián)合國各會員國可就廣泛的國際問題發(fā)表各自看法。
一般性辯論其實(shí)不是小伙伴們理解的你一言我一語的話題爭論，“一般性”(general)意思是話題廣泛，但凡觸及人類社會發(fā)展中的各種問題，都可發(fā)表見解。主要內(nèi)容是一國首腦對重大問題闡述本國立場。
國家主席習(xí)近平9月28日在紐約聯(lián)合國總部出席第七十屆聯(lián)合國大會一般性辯論并發(fā)表題為《攜手構(gòu)建合作共贏新伙伴 同心打造人類命運(yùn)共同體》的重要講話。講話全文及聯(lián)合國英譯版本如下：
攜手構(gòu)建合作共贏新伙伴 同心打造人類命運(yùn)共同體
Working Together to Forge a New Partnership of Win-win Cooperation and Create a Community of Shared Future for Mankind
——在第七十屆聯(lián)合國大會一般性辯論時的講話
– Statement at the General Debate of the 70th Session of the UN General Assembly
中華人民共和國主席 習(xí)近平
H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China
2015年9月28日，紐約
New York, 28 September 2015
主席先生，各位同事：
Mr. President, Dear Colleagues,
70年前，我們的先輩經(jīng)過浴血奮戰(zhàn)，取得了世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭的勝利，翻過了人類歷史上黑暗的一頁。這一勝利來之不易。
Seventy years ago, the earlier generation of mankind fought heroically and secured the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, closing a dark page in the annals of human history. That victory was hard won.
70年前，我們的先輩以遠(yuǎn)見卓識，建立了聯(lián)合國這一最具普遍性、代表性、權(quán)威性的國際組織，寄托人類新愿景，開啟合作新時代。這一創(chuàng)舉前所未有。
Seventy years ago, the earlier generation of mankind, with vision and foresight, established the United Nations. This universal and most representative and authoritative international organization has carried mankind’s hope for a new future and ushered in a new era of cooperation. It was a pioneering initiative never undertaken before.
70年前，我們的先輩集各方智慧，制定了聯(lián)合國憲章，奠定了現(xiàn)代國際秩序基石，確立了當(dāng)代國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則。這一成就影響深遠(yuǎn)。
Seventy years ago, the earlier generation of mankind pooled together their wisdom and adopted the Charter of the United Nations, laying the cornerstone of the contemporary international order, and establishing the fundamental principles of contemporary international relations. This was an achievement of profound impact.
主席先生、各位同事!
Mr. President, Dear Colleagues,
9月3日，中國人民同世界人民一道，隆重紀(jì)念了中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利70周年。作為東方主戰(zhàn)場，中國付出了傷亡3500多萬人的民族犧牲，抗擊了日本軍國主義主要兵力，不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了國家和民族的救亡圖存，而且有力支援了在歐洲和太平洋戰(zhàn)場上的抵抗力量，為贏得世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利作出了歷史性貢獻(xiàn)。
On the third of September, the Chinese people, together with the world’s people, solemnly commemorated the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. As the main theater in the East, China made a national sacrifice of over 35 million casualties in its fight against the majority troops of Japanese militarism. It not only saved itself and its people from subjugation, but also gave strong support to the forces against aggression in the European and Pacific theaters, thus making a historic contribution to the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War.
歷史是一面鏡子。以史為鑒，才能避免重蹈覆轍。對歷史，我們要心懷敬畏、心懷良知。歷史無法改變，但未來可以塑造。銘記歷史，不是為了延續(xù)仇恨，而是要共同引以為戒。傳承歷史，不是為了糾結(jié)過去，而是要開創(chuàng)未來，讓和平的薪火代代相傳。
History is a mirror. Only by drawing lessons from history can the world avoid repeating past calamity. We should view history with awe and human conscience. The past cannot be changed, but the future can be shaped. Bearing history in mind is not to perpetuate hatred. Rather, it is for mankind not to forget its lesson. Remembering history does not mean being obsessed with the past. Rather, in doing so, we aim to create a better future and pass the torch of peace from generation to generation.
主席先生、各位同事!
Mr. President, Dear Colleagues,
聯(lián)合國走過了70年風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，見證了各國為守護(hù)和平、建設(shè)家園、謀求合作的探索和實(shí)踐。站在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上，聯(lián)合國需要深入思考如何在21世紀(jì)更好回答世界和平與發(fā)展這一重大課題。
The United Nations has gone through the test of time over the past seven decades. It has witnessed efforts made by all countries to uphold peace, build homeland and pursue cooperation. Having reached a new historical starting point, the United Nations needs to address the central issue of how to better promote world peace and development in the 21st century.
世界格局正處在一個加快演變的歷史性進(jìn)程之中。和平、發(fā)展、進(jìn)步的陽光足以穿透戰(zhàn)爭、貧窮、落后的陰霾。世界多極化進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，新興市場國家和發(fā)展中國家崛起已經(jīng)成為不可阻擋的歷史潮流。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、社會信息化極大解放和發(fā)展了社會生產(chǎn)力，既創(chuàng)造了前所未有的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，也帶來了需要認(rèn)真對待的新威脅新挑戰(zhàn)。
